0 15 Contoh Text Procedure Sederhana

1. How To Make A Kite

Materials:

• 3 pieces of cane
• Large sheet of strong paper (e.g. tissue)
• Thread
• Scissors
• Soft pencil
• Glue
• Paint and paintbrush
• Strong string

Procedure:

• The Frame
• Dampen the cane to make flexible
• Carefully, bend the cane to desired shape then tie securely with thread

The Covering:

• Lay the frame on sheet of paper
• Trace around frame with pencil
• Cut covering approximately 1 cm larger than the outline
• Paint bird on covering (e.g. bowl)
• When paint is dry, place the frame on unpainted side.
• Now, fold edges of covering over the frame carefully, and glue them down.

The Bridle:

• Cut 3 pieces of string, each 20 cm long.
• Secure one end of each string tightly to frame at the shoulders and tail of the bird.
• Then, tie the other ends in a knot.

2. How to Make Pencil Box

Materials:

• Box
• Scissors
• Glue
• Paint maker

The Procedure to make a Pencil box

1. Find a box.
2. Peel off any labels.
3. Cut new labels from clean sheets of construction paper. Glue them on your box using a glue stick.
4. Use decorative papers, stickers, paint markers, or hand-drawn drawn designs to embellish your box.
5. Fill the box and you’re done!

 

3. How to Make Slippers from Jeans

Materials and Equipment:

• Pair of old, cast-off jeans
• 25cm wadding
• 25cm iron-on fusing
• Piece of thin cardboard (not the corrugated type), about 30 x 30 cm
• Two pattern pieces
• Around 60cm ribbon (I’ve used pink and white gingham)
• Blue thread (choose a shade that matches your denim)
• Scissors
• Straight pins
• Pencil/ tailor’s chalk
• Needle and thread/ sewing machine

Steps

1. Prepare the pattern
2. Cut the other pattern pieces
3. Sew the upper
4. Prepare the sole
5. Sew the upper to the sole
6. Finish the toe
7. Adorn your slippers

4. How To Use Camera

You need :

• A digital camera (DSLR camera or pocket camera or the others camera that you have)
• The object (find something that interesting to you like animals, buildings or the others)

Steps :

• Handle the camera and turn on it
• Center the object in the lcd and manage the zoom control untill you get the best view
• When you are ready to take the picture, hold the shutter speed, and various other calculations.
• Then, a light should appear that let you know the camera is set to go.
• After that, press shutter all the way down.

5. How to Use a Printer

You need:

• Printer

Directions:

Step 1

Using a printer even basic printer is extremely easy to do. There are many different models of printers out there. You have your very basic to your all-in-one printer. The printer with everything on it works pretty much just like the regular printer you just have a lot more buttons to push

Step 2

Make sure that your printer is hooked up properly before using it. If this is a brand new printer then it will go through a check and print out a test page for you. A lot of different times you can just turn it on, you will hear the ink moving around. Something might come up on the computer telling you that the printer is on and working properly.

Step 3

Open the page you want to print. If you are on the Internet and want to print something from there. All you have to do is go up to file, then down to page set up. This will give you more printing options to choose from. When you are done setting up the page you can verify you have the right printer hooked up by clicking on “Printer” at the bottom. Once everything looks good click on “OK” and now your page should print out.

Step 4

Open up a “.doc” file if that is where your page is that you need to print. When you are ready to print go up to “File” and “Print Setup”. Again you can choose how you want your page to look, and check and make sure the right printer is installed. If your page is set up the way you like it you can just click on the printer icon on the tool bar or go to “File” then “Print.”

Step 5

Using a printer a lot over time will start to wear down your ink supply. Some models of printers let you know when your ink supply is getting low. If you have an older printer you will just have to go by what the printed page looks like. If it is very worn and faded then it is time to install a new ink cartridge.

6. How to Make Jelly

Ingredients:

• Jelly crystals
• Water

Equipment:

• Bowl
• Spoon
• Measuring cup

Steps:

• Pour the jelly crystals into the bowl.
• Measure 2 cups of boiling water.
• Pour the boiling water into the bowl.
• Stir the mixture until it is completely dissolved.
• Pour into a wet mold or cup.
• Put it into the fridge until the jelly has set.
• Enjoy your jelly!

7. How to Make Burger

Materials:

• Two breads
• Chili sauce
• Ketchup
• Mayonnaise
• Butter
• Onion
• Lettuce
• Cheese
• Beef burger or meat

Tools:

• Frying pan
• Stove
• Spatula
• Plate

Steps:

1. Put butter on bread, and bake bread in the frying pan.
2. Put the ketchup, chili sauce, and mayonnaise on bread.
3. Put cheese, sliced onions, lettuce, cucumber slices on bread.
4. Put the meat that have been fried over the bread.
5. Put the bread again.
6. Finally, place the burger in the plate and it is ready to be served.

8. How to Make Pizza

Material:

• 1 – 1/4 Oz Envelopes – active dry yeast (or 2 1/4 tsp)
• 1 1/2 tsp. – Salt
• 1 1/2 cup – warm water (110 ° F – 115 ° F)
• 1 tablespoon. – Sugar
• 2 tablespoons. – Extra virgin olive oil
• 4 Cups – Bread flour
• Extra olive oil
• Extra flour

Procedure:

1. Put the yeast in a bowl, add the sugar and warm water to it.
2. Mix thoroughly.
3. Wait 5-10 minutes, after which the dough will release very few small bubbles.
4. Take the bread flour, add salt, pour the milk into the batter. Now add the yeast mixture into the dough.
5. Knead it vigorously for about 10 minutes. Then a little oil and place the bowl of dough in it.
6. Poke the dough with your fingers about three times.
7. Cover the bowl with a paper wrap with air so tight and then let it rise for about 2 hours.
8. After about 2 hours, check your dough and move it a little to see that the texture.
9. After this you just scoop out the dough and continue kneading until you feel quite soft and not attached to the object that you are kneading on.
10. You’ve finished, your pizza dough to a 14-inch pizza.
11. Pizza is ready to be served.

9. How to Make Creamy Chocolate Pudding

Ingredients:

• 2/3 cup sugar
• 2-1/4 cups milk
• 1/4 cup HERSHEY’S Cocoa
• 1/4 teaspoon salt
• 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
• 2 tablespoons butter or margarine
• 3 tablespoons cornstarch
• Whipped topping (optional)

Directions:

1. Stir together sugar, cocoa, cornstarch and salt in medium saucepan; gradually stir in milk.
2. Cook over medium heat, stirring constantly, until mixture boils; boil and stir 1 minute.
3. Remove from heat; stir in butter and vanilla.
4. Pour into individual dessert dishes.
5. To avoid a skin from forming on top, press plastic wrap directly onto surface; serve warm or refrigerate at least 2 hours.
6. Garnish with whipped topping, if desired.

Microwave directions:

1. Stir together sugar, cocoa, cornstarch and salt in large microwave-safe bowl; gradually stir in milk.
2. Microwave at HIGH (100%) 7 to 10 minutes or until mixture comes to full boil, stirring every
   2 minutes. Stir in butter and vanilla. Pour into dishes and serve as directed above.

10. How To Make Brownies

Ingredients:

• 1/2 cup cocoa
• 1/2 cup chopped walnuts (optional)
• 1 cup plain flour
• 1 teaspoon vanilla essence
• 2 cups brown sugar
• 2 eggs
• 200 grams butter

Steps:

• Turn the oven to 180C and line a 30 x 20 cm tin with baking paper (or grease it).
• In a medium sized saucepan, put the butter and cocoa.
• Melt it gently and make sure you don’t boil it.
• Add the sugar and the vanilla, and stir it in well.
• Take the mixture off the heat and sift in the flour. Stir it in well.
• Add the eggs, beating them in really well.
• If using them, add the chopped walnuts and stir them in.
• Spread the mixture in the tin. Bake for 20 – 25 minutes.

11. How to Make Fruit Salad

Ingredients:

• 1 Pear
• 1 Apple
• 1 small bottle of Yoghurt
• 1/2 Melon
• 5 Strawberries
• 6 Grapes
• 3 tablespoons Mayonnaise

Utensils:

• Knife
• Cutting board
• Bowl
• Spoon

Step:

1. First wash the fruits, peel and then seed the fruit if needed.
2. Slice and cut them in cubes.
3. Arrange them in a bowl, then pour mayonnaise and yoghurt over it.
4. Mix them until blended.
5. Refrigerate them until cold.
6. Serve cold.

12. How to Make Sandwich

Ingredients:

• White bread without the skin
• Onions
• Leaf lettuce
• Sardines fish without the sauce
• Tomatoes
• Boiled eggs
• Mayonnaise
• Cheese

How to make:

• Toast the bread on the Teflon without put anything on the surface. Let the bread until you find it turn to be brown.
• Lift and grease by using mayonnaise as your taste on the bread’s surface.
• Make the content of your sandwich by combining all the materials together. Add the mayonnaise and stir until blended.
• Take bread that has been baked. Layer it with lettuce and cheese on the top. Also, put the contents of the sandwich’s mixture on the top, then cover with sliced ​​tomatoes and lettuce.
• Add the mayonnaise over the lettuce before it is covered with the last layer of your sandwich bread.
• Ready to serve.

13. How To Make Fried Chicken

Seasoning Ingredients:

• 1 kg chicken, cut into pieces
• 1 pepper powder
• 1 teaspoon garlic powder
• ½ teaspoon salt
• ¼ teaspoon chilly powder
• Oil

Ingredients of dry ply:

• 100 grams of maizena flour
• 400 grams of flour
• ½ teaspoon baking soda
• ¼ teaspoon msg (If you like)
• 1 teaspoon garlic powder
• 1 teaspoon instant broth powder chicken flavour

Ingredients of liquid ply:

• 300 grams of flour
• 300 ml cold water
• 40 grams maizena flour
• ½ tablespoon milk powder
• ½ teaspoon baking soda
• ½ teaspoon pepper powder
• ¼ teaspoon salt
• ¼ teaspoon msg
• an egg yolk

How to make:

1. Liquid ply: Mix , cornmeal , of milk powder , baking powder , pepper , salt and msg. Stir it slowly. Put the egg yolk and water little by little while stirring until it’s mixed well. Keep it in a refrigerator or private cold .
2. Dry ply: mix all of dry ply
3. Season the chickens with salt, pepper, garlic, ad chilly powder. Mix it well for about 15 minutes.
4. Roll the pieces chicken into dry ply until all of the surface is full of flour. Dip it into liquid ply and roll it back into the dry ply. Do the same steps again.
5. Heat the oil and fry it until the color is brown. Lift it up. Drain it and set in serving dish.
6. Serve it with chilly sauce or tomato sauce.

14. How to Make Fried Banana

Ingredients:

• 1 ripe black-skinned plantain or 4 small finger banana (make sure that the banana is sweet)
• 1 tsp. sugar
• 1 egg
• 6 tbs. flour
• a pinch of salt
• water
• vegetable oil for deep frying

Steps/ Instruction:

1. Place flour in a deep mixing bowl. Make a well in the middle of the flour, and add egg, sugar and salt. Add water little by little. Whisk vigorously until batter is evenly smooth for coating and not too thin. If it is too thin, add more flour.
2. Peel plantain or banana and cut in half lengthwise and then cut again with 4-inch width. Dip into batter to coat generously.
3. Heat oil in a wok or deep fryer until moderately hot. Place coated plantain or banana in the wok or deep fryer and fry slowly until golden brown and crispy. This usually take approximately 10-15 minutes. Remove bananas from oil, drain on paper napkins and dry well.
4. Serve while still warm

15. HOW TO MAKE A CUP OF CAPPUCCINO COFFEE

Material : 

1. Water
2. A teaspoonful of coffee
3. Three spoonfuls of sugar
4. Two spoonfuls of cappuccino

Steps :

• First, boil some water in the kettle
• Then, put a teaspoonful of coffee into a cup
• Put three spoonfuls of sugar into a cup
• Add two spoons of cappuccino
• Fill the cup with boiling water
• Finally, stir it and a cup of cappuccino coffee is ready to drink

sumber: https://www.yuksinau.id/contoh-procedure-text/

0 PROCEDURE TEXT

A. Pengertian Procedure Text
Sebelum menjelaskan tentang generic structure, ciri-ciri procedure text dan contohnya, saya akan memulai penjelasan ini mendefinisikan pengertian procedure text baik dalam bahasa Inggris maupun dalam bahasa Indonesia. “Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps”. Jadi yang dimaksud dengan procedure text adalah sebuah genre of text yang berfungsi untuk menggambarkan bagaimana sesuatu dilakukan atau dicapai melalui urutan tindakan atau langkah yang benar.

B. Tujuan Procedure Text
Tujuan komunikatif dari procedure text adalah bagaimana seorang penulis mampu memahamkan pembaca tentang cara melakukan, menyelesaikan atau mencapai sesuatu dengan cara yang runtut dan benar atau prosedural. Sebenarnya dilihat dari istilahnya, kita tentu sudah bisa memahami apa yang dimaksud dengan procedure text. Jadi mungkin ini adalah salah satu genre of text yang tanpa dijelaskan sebelumnya tapi kita sudah dapat meraba apa maksud tujuan teks ini.

C. Generic Structure Procedure Text

1. The Goal of ActivityPada bagian ini, penulis mencoba menjelaskan tentang apa yang akan dibuat atau dicapai melalui serangkaian langkah yang akan dijelaskan pada paragraf berikutnya sehingga pembaca tidak salah paham tentang apa yang sedang dibicarakan.
2. Any Material Needed for ProcedureSetelah pembaca mengetahui sesuatu apa yang akan dibuat atau dicapai, kemudian penulis memaparkan materi atau bahan-bahan yang harus dipersiapkan atau dibutuhkan agar sesuatu tersebut dapat dicapai dengan baik. Jadi pastikan semua bahan atau materi sudah lengkap sebelum mulai membuatnya.
3. Steps to Achieve the goalJika bahan-bahan atau materi yang dibutuhkan sudah lengkap, barulah penulis memberitahukan langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan secara runtut atau urut. Jadi pada bagian ini penulis harus menjelaskannya secara urut dan tidak boleh loncat-loncat.
4. ConclusionKesimpulan yang berisi tentang hasil akhir dari apa yang telah dikerjakan sesuai dengan langkah-langkah yang telah ditentukan.

D. Ciri-ciri Redaksi Procedure Text

1. Fokus pada agen manusia umum.
2. Penggunaan present tense.
3.  sering Imperatif/bentuk perintah, seperti: buatlah (make), gunakanlah (use) dsb.
4. Penggunaan conjuctions temporal (atau penomeran untuk menunjukkan urutan).

Contoh: then, after that, before, after, while, dan lain sebagainya.

E. Contoh Procedure Text

Contoh 1: How to Make a Milkshake

A milkshake is a sweet, cold beverage which is usually made from milk, ice cream, or iced milk, and flavorings or sweeteners such as butterscotch, caramel sauce, chocolate sauce, or fruit syrup. If you want to make a delicious milkshake by your selves, then this is the way how to make it.
The ingredients that you need to make a milkshake are:

• 4 cups vanilla ice cream
• 2 cups milk
• 4 teaspoons chocolate sauce (optional)
• 1 cup fresh or frozen strawberries

Now, follow these steps to make a milkshake.

1. Place milkshake glasses into the freezer. Using cold glasses will help the shake stay cool to give you time to enjoy. Leave for up to an hour if possible.
2. Soften ice cream. It is easier to make a shake when the ice cream is slightly soft. Take the ice cream out of the freezer a few minutes before making your shake.
3. Place the ingredients into a blender. Mix the ice cream, milk and added flavors into the blender. Blend on high for one minute. Don’t leave in the blender for longer or the shake will melt quickly.
4. Pour shakes into frosty glasses. Take the glasses out of the freezer as soon as the blending is complete. Then pour the shake mixture in.
5. Drop a straw into the shake, then enjoy. You can sip a shake right from the glass but somehow the straw adds to the flavor and the experience.

If you do not have a blender, you may substitute with a mixer, but be careful as it could be messy. And if you do not have anything else to mix, just use a spoon, but let the ice cream thaw first to make the milkshake easier to mix. Enjoy your milkshake.
Penjelasan:

1. Paragraf pertama: the Goal. Penulis berusaha menjelaskan apa itu milkshake dan mengapa ia menulis tulisan ini, yaitu ingin memberitahu pembaca bagaimana cara membuat milkshake.
2. Paragraf kedua: the Materials Needed. Berisi bahan-bahan yang harus dipersiapkan dan dibutuhkan untuk membuat milkshake.
3. Paragraf ketiga: Steps, yang berisi langkah-langkah yang dishare oleh penulis untuk membuat milkshake dari langkah pertama hingga menjadi milkshake.
4. Paragraf keempat: Conclusion. Jadi kesimpulannya, karena namanya shake (dikocok) maka pembuatan milkshake harus menggunakan alat bantu seperti blender, jika tidak punya, penulis menganjurkan menggunakan mixer, bahkan jika tidak punya sama sekali, maka bisa menggunakan spon.

Sumber: inggrisonline.com

0 Jenis Text Bahasa Inggris (Text Type/Genre)

Types of Text / Genre (Jenis Teks Bahasa Inggris) 

Dalam bahasa Inggris terdapat beberapa types of text atau yang biasa disebut dengan Genre. Klasifikasi Genre dalam bahasa Inggris depengaruhi oleh beberapa hal, diantaranya: Tujuan penulis menuliskan teks tersebut, fungsi dari teks tersebut, struktur kebahasaan (Generic Structure) yang dipakai, ciri-ciri bahasa apa yang digunakan dalam teks tersebut.

English Types of Text dipelajari sebagai materi pembelajaran utama dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris untuk sekolah menengah atas. kebanyakan waktu ketika mempelajari English Types of Text dihabiskan untuk membahas Generic Structure dan Language Features yang diganakan sebagai bahan menyusun sebuah teks. Generic structure dan Language Features inilah yang menjadi pembeda di setiap jenis teks Bahasa Inggris yang ada.

Terdapat 13 jenis teks dalam bahasa Inggris yang kita ketahui yaitu dimulai dari 

1. Narrative Text,  
2. Recount Text,   
3. Procedure Text, 
4. Report Text,  
5. Analyticl Exposition Text, 
6. Hortatory Exposition Text,  
7. Explanation Text,  
8. Descriptive Text,  
9. Discussion Text,  
10. News Item Text,  
11. Review Text,  
12. Anecdote Text,  
13. Spoof Text.

Tetapi pada dasarnya teks dalam Bahasa Inggris dibagi menjadi 3 jenis teks utama, yaitu:

Narration

Jenis teks yang termasuk kedalam kelompok Narrative text adalah Narrative Text, Recount Text, Anecdote Text dan News Items Text. Semua jenis tersebut di atas tergolong ke dalam Narrative teks yang mana berfungsi untuk menceritakan sebuah peristiwa dan menginformasikan kepada pembaca tentang suatu peristiwa.

Description

Jenis teks yang termasuk kedalam kelompok Descriptive text adalah Report Text, Descriptive Text dan Explanation Text yang mana jenis teks ini lebih menekankan pada penggambaran sesuatu dan cenderung menggunakan kata-kata yang mengandung arti mendeskrpsikan.

Argumentation

Jenis teks yang termasuk ke dalam kelompok Argumentative Text adalah Analytical Exposition Text, Hortatory Exposition Text, dan Descussion Text yang mana jenis teks ini lebih menekankan kepada alasan untuk mendukung atau mematahkan suatu anggapan atau fenomena yang terjadi.

0 Explanation Text

Explanation Text 

Explanation text (teks explanation) adalah sebuah teks yang berisi tentang proses-proses yang berhubungan dengan fenomena-fenomena alam, soisal, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya dan lainnya. Sebuah Explanation text biasanya berasal dari pertanyaan penulis terkait ‘why’ dan ‘how’ terhadap suatu fenomena yang ada.

Tujuan Komunikatif Explanation Text

Tujuan komunikatif dari Explanation text adalah untuk menerangkan proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan atau kegiatan yang terkait dengan fenomena-fenomena alam, sosial, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya, dan lainnya yang bertujuan menjelaskan.

Generic Structur Explanation Text

Terdapat tiga bagian dalam struktur kalimat Explanation Text, yaitu:

1. A general statement
Dalam general statement berisi tentang penjelasan umum tentang fenomena yang akan dibahas, bisa berupa pengenalan fenomena tersebut atau penjelasannya.

2. A squenced of explanation
A squenced of explanation berisi tentang penjelasan proses mengapa fenomena tersebut bisa terjadi atau tercipta. A squenced of explanation berupa jawaban dari pertanyaan ‘why’ dan ‘how’ penulis ketika membuat sebuah Explanation text. Dalam squenced of explanation bisa terdiri lebih dari satu paragrap.

3. Closing
Sebenarnya closing itu tidak tercantum dalam generic structure dari Explanation text, tetapi kebanyakan orang beranggapan bahwa paragrap terakhir dari sebuah Explanation text adalah closing, padahal itu merupakan bagian dari squenced of explantaion yang berisi tentang langkah akhir yang dijelaskan pada bagian squenced of explanation.

Language features Explanation Text

Dalam sebuah explanation text, terdapat ciri-ciri kebahasaan seperti di bawah ini, yaitu:

• Menggunakan simpel present tense
• Mengguankan abstract noun (kata benda yang nampak)
• Mengguanakan Passive voice
• Menggunakan Action verbs

Contoh Explanation Text

Untuk menambah pemahaman anda mengenai penjelasan Explanation Text di atas, penulis sertakan juga contoh explanation text berikut ini:

Making Paper from Woodchips

General statement
Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest trees. The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.

Squence of explanation
Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage they are either exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.

Closing
Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.

0 Soal - Soal per Jenis Teks

Soal - soal per jenis teks

Setiap jenis teks kami sediakan 5 - 10 pertanyaan dengan kontruksi indikator sebagai berikut :

1. Menentukan tema/topik bacaan
2. Menentukan pikiran utaman paragraf
3. Menentukan informasi tertentu
4. Menentukan informasi rinci tersurat
5. Menentukan informasi tersirat
6. Menentukan rujukan kata
7. Menenyukan makna kata/frase/kalimat
8. Menentukan tujuan komunikatif teks

Contoh :

Narrative

A beggar found a leather purse that someone had dropped in the marketplace. Opening it, he discovered that it contained 100 pieces of gold. Then he heard a merchant shout, "A reward! A reward to the one who finds my leather purse!"
Being an honest man, the beggar came forward and handed the purse to the merchant saying, "Here is your purse. May I have the reward now?"
"Reward?" scoffed the merchant, greedily counting his gold. "Why the purse I dropped had 200 pieces of gold in it. You've already stolen more than the reward! Go away or I'll tell the police."
"I'm an honest man," said the beggar defiantly. "Let us take this matter to the court."
In court the judge patiently listened to both sides of the story and said, "I believe you both. Justice is possible! Merchant, you stated that the purse you lost contained 200 pieces of gold. Well, that's a considerable cost. But, the purse this beggar found had only 100 pieces of gold. Therefore, it couldn't be the one you lost."
And, with that, the judge gave the purse and all the gold to the beggar.
Source: www.aesopfables.com

1. The passage mainly tells about ….
A. a beggar
B. a stolen purse
C. an honest beggar
D. a reward of stolen purse
E. a beggar and a merchant

2. A beggar is ….
A. a person asked for money for living
B. a person sold something for living
C. a man stole the purse
D. a place sold the purse
E. a very smart person

3. What is the character of the merchant?
A. Deceitful.
B. Honest
C. Clever.
D. Smart.
E. Calm.

4. Which paragraph told that the merchant was deceiving?
A. Paragraph 1.
B. Paragraph 2.
C. Paragraph 3.
D. Paragraph 4.
E. Paragraph 5.

5. Why did the beggar return the purse to the beggar? Because he ….
A. had counted the 100 pieces of gold
B. heard the merchant saying
C. wanted to get the reward
D. had opened the purse
E. was an honest man

6. Which of the following statement is true?
A. The beggar got 100 pieces of gold.
B. The purse contained 200 pieces of gold.
C. The merchant admitted losing 100 pieces of gold.
D. The beggar wanted to hide the purse in the marketplace.
E. The court couldn’t solve the problem between the beggar and the merchant.

7. Therefore, it couldn't be the one you lost. (par.6). The underlined word refers to ….
A. the court
B. the purse
C. the beggar
D. the merchant
E. the 100 pieces gold

8. … he discovered that it contained 100 pieces of gold. (par.1) The underlined word means ….
A. funded
B. found
C. fixed
D. took
E. put

9. From the text, we know that ….
A. the beggar was very greedy
B. the purse belonged to the merchant
C. the merchant was a very good person
D. the court could solve the problem wisely
E. the court concluded the purse belonged to the merchant

10. What is the moral value of the passage?
A. Be a humble man.
B. Don’t beg to a mean person.
C. Deceiving makes more benefits.
D. Honesty brings more advantages.
E. Being a beggar is valuable for living.

kumpulan soal narrative dapat diunduh di sini



EXPLANATION

Acid rain is rain that is highly acidic because of sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and other air pollutants dissolved in it. Normal rain is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6. Acid rain may have a pH value as low as 2.8.
Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. Certain lakes, for example, have lost all fish and plant life because of acid rain.
Acid rain comes from sulphur in coal and oil. When they burn, they make sulphur dioxide (SO2 ). Most sulphur leaves factory chimneys as the gaseous sulphur dioxide (SO2 ) and most nitrogen is also emitted as one of the nitrogen oxides (NO or NO2 ), both of which are gases. The gases may be dry deposited–absorbed directly by the land, by lakes or by the surface vegetation. If they are in the atmosphere for any time, the gases will oxidise (gain an oxygen atom) and go into solution as acids. Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4 ) and the nitrogen oxides will become nitric acid (HNO3 ). The acids usually dissolve in cloud droplets and may travel great distances before being precipitated as acid rain. Catalysts such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone and ammonium help promote the formation of acids in clouds. More ammonium (NH4 ) can be formed when some of the acids are partially neutralised by airborne ammonia (NH3 ). Acidication increases with the number of active hydrogen (H+) ions dissolved in acid. Hydrocarbons emitted by for example, car exhausts will react in sunlight with nitrogen oxides to produce ozone. Although it is invaluable in the atmosphere, low level ozone causes respiratory problems and also hastens the formation of acid rain. When acid rain falls on the ground it dissolves and liberates heavy metals and aluminium (Al). When it is washed into lakes, aluminium irritates the outer surfaces of many fish. As acid rain falls or drains into the lake the pH of the lake falls. Forests suffer the effect of acid rain through damage to leaves, through the loss of vital nutrients, and through the increased amounts of toxic metals liberated by acid, which damage roots and soil micro organisms.
Taken from Science and Technology Encycopedia, 1998

1.    What is the text mainly about?
A.    The definition of acid rain.
B.     The process of acid rain.
C.     The effect of acid rain.
D.    Acid rain.
E.     Rain.

2.      The acid of normal rain is … than the acid rain.
A.    higher
B.     lower
C.     denser
D.    severer
E.     the same

3.      The third paragraph tells about ….
A.    acid rain damages environment
B.     how acid rain endangers life
C.     how acid rain occurs
D.    the cause of acid rain
E.     the acid rain cause

4.      What is the result of the burning of the coal and oil?
A.    ammonium
B.     nitric acid
C.     sulphuric acid
D.    sulphur dioxide
E.     airbone ammonia

5.      The sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides will …. in the air.
A.    be absorbed directly by the vegetation
B.     dissolved in the lake water and land
C.     emit another sulphur gas
D.    radiate an oxygen atom
E.     gain an oxygen atom

6.      Which of the following is not true about acid rain?
A.    It contains lower pH than the normal rain.
B.     It has higher pH than the normal rain
C.     It can damage animal and plant life.
D.    It contains dangerous gases.
E.     It endangers water life.

7.      ….  is dangerous for the scale of fish in the lake.
A.    Acid rain
B.     Heavy metal
C.     Alumunium
D.    Vital nutrient
E.     Sulphuric acid

8.      What is the purpose of the text?
A.    To report the acid rain in genera.l
B.     To explain the process of acid rain.
C.     To persuade the reader to prevent acid rain.
D.    To discuss the danger of acid rain in the air.
E.     To present two different opinion on acid rain process.


9.      If they are in the atmosphere for any time, …. The italic word can be best replaced by ….
A.    oil and coal
B.     land and air
C.     sulphur oxides
D.    nitrogen oxides
E.     sulphur and nitrogen oxides

10.  Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. The bold word has the closest meaning to ….
A.    harm
B.     hang
C.     endow
D.    produce
E.     develop

Bank soal explanation dapat diunduh di sini

Discussion

Most people agree that some form of family limitation or spacing is desirable for the good of the family and society. But individuals and groups– especially religious groups–differ sharply on the methods of birth control that they consider moral and acceptable.
Couples that practice birth control do so for various reasons. They may want to limit or space their children, or to have no children at all. Young couples often postpone having children so that both partners can work full-time. Other couples space their children so they can give each child as much attention as possible. Some women are advised by their doctors to avoid pregnancy for health reasons. In many countries with rapidly growing populations, the government encourages couples to limit the size of their families.
Even though birth control has gained in acceptance, opposition to the practice is continuous. Some people fear that birth control encourages sexual relations outside marriage or that government might impose birth control. Some religious groups oppose birth control on moral grounds.
Some religious groups teach that artificial methods of birth control are immoral because they separate the two purposes of intercourse in marriage–conjugal love and the procreation of children. Although they oppose all artificial birth control, they consider natural family planning acceptable.
Adapted from The World Book Encyclopedia, 2007

1.      What does the text discuss about?
A.    Family planning.
B.     The disagreement to birth control
C.     Reason to support family limitation
D.    The two different opinion on birth control
E.     The religious group which disagree to birth control

2.      The issue of the text is ….
A.    government’s population program
B.     family planning programs
C.     family limitation
D.    birth control
E.     sex control

3.      Which of the following reason do not support birth control?
A.    To limit the family size
B.     To space the children birth.
C.     To avoid high family budget.
D.    To avoid a risk-health pregnancy.
E.     To share much attention to the children.

4.      Some women should prevent pregnancy because of … reason.
A.    unacceptable
B.     immoral
C.     artificial
D.    limited
E.     health

5.      The religious group feels objected to the birth control because they….
A.    think it doesn’t the government programs
B.     believe it is an immoral practice
C.     believe it is not natural practice
D.    dread to the health problem
E.     are very conservatives

6.      Other couples space their children so they can give each child as much attention as possible. (par.2) The bold word refer to ….
A.    couples
B.     women
C.     families
D.    people
E.     children

7.      Young couples often postpone having children ….(par.2) The bold word means ….
A.    suspect
B.     suspend
C.     respect
D.    direct
E.     recall

8.      According to religious group ….
A.    artificial methods of birth control is acceptable
B.     traditional methods of birth control can be accept
C.     sex intercourse outside the marriage is permitted
D.    intercourse in marriage doesn’t to create children
E.     conjugal love in the marriage is immoral practice

9.      From the text, we can conclude that ….
A.    everyone doesn’t agree to family limitation
B.     the government doesn’t support birth control
C.     the religious group agree of using artificial contraception
D.    some women must not pregnant because of health reason
E.     young couples don’t want to have many children because they are very busy

10.  What is the communicative purpose of the text?
A.    Report the birth control in Indonesia
B.     Persuade the reader to do birth control
C.     Present two different views on birth control
D.    Amuse the readers with birth control opinions
E.     Ensure the birth control runs well in Indonesia
Bank soal discussion dapat diunduh di sini

Review

Undead, unwed and I also wish I could say unread! Okay so here I think I have finally sunk to the bottom of the barrel to try to catch up and complete my challenge. I do have a bit of a thing for vampire novels! And that said I bought three different first in the series, to see if it would help me catch up and bring me back to target.
Seriously, this was one of the trashiest novels I have ever read! It was OK and fun, but I feel like a complete fraud and fake adding this to the list of books I’ve read this year! But I did nevertheless read it! So it’s gonna be added.
Maybe one day when I’ve forgotten how bad this book was and just how trashy, I’ll read a few more in the series! But seriously guys I wouldn’t recommend it!
Taken from dancingsifaka.typepad.com
1.    The text mainly tells about ….
A.    a vampire novel
B.     a very bad novel
C.     an opinion on a novel
D.    a review on Undead and Unwed
E.     a review on Undead and Unwed movie

2.    The second paragraph mainly told ….
A.    the writer bought three novel
B.     the writer  fond of vampire novel
C.     the writer thought the novel was very bad
D.    the writer thought the novel was fun and OK
E.     the writer didn’t recommend the readers read it

3.    The Undead an Unwed is ….
A.    an horror novel
B.     an romantic novel
C.     very interesting novel
D.    not a sequence novel
E.     made into the movie

4.    Which of the following statement does not represent the writer’s opinion?
A.    The novel is very trashy.
B.     It really good and interesting novel.
C.     I will not add this novel to my book list.
D.    Don’t read this novel or you will be upset.
E.     I do really want to forget this bad novel soon.

5.    The following statement is not true ….
A.    the writer liked vampire novel very much
B.     the writer bought three novel in series
C.     the writer finished reading the novel
D.    the writer could satisfy his target
E.     the novel is not interesting

6.     In general, the writer ….
A.    suggested the readers to buy the novel
B.     recommended the readers to read the novel
C.     didn’t recommend the readers to read the novel
D.    didn’t recommend the readers to review the novel
E.     suggested to collect the first three different series

7.    But seriously guys I wouldn’t recommend it! (par.3) The sentence means ….
A.    the reader shouldn’t recommend him to be seriously
B.     the writer didn’t oppose the idea of the novel
C.     the writer recommended to read the novel
D.    the writer recommended to read seriously
E.     the writer didn’t suggest to read the novel

8.    The communicative purpose of the text is ….
A.    to review the novel
B.     to promote the novel
C.     to tell the story of the novel
D.    to amuse the readers with the novel
E.     to persuade the readers to buy the novel

9.    Seriously, this was one of the trashiest novels I have ever read (par.2). The bold word refers to ….
A.    Mary Janice Davidson
B.     the reviewer
C.     the reader
D.    the book
E.     the novel

10.     It can be concluded that ….
A.    Mary Janice Davidson is the main character of the novel
B.     Mary Janice Davidson is the reviewer of the book
C.     the book reviewer didn’t tell  the reader to read it
D.    the book reviewer didn’t by the book
E.     the novel is very challenging

 Bank soal teks review dapat diunduh di sini

0 Spoof Text

Spoof Text

Spoof Text - Pernahkah kalian melihat salah satu program komedi, Seketsa? Pastinya kalian tidak asing kan. Jalan cerita di Seketsa itu lah yang dinamakan Spoof Text. Awal cerita dimulai dengan adegan atau kejadian yang biasa kemudian menjelang akhir ada adegan atau kejadian yang tidak dikira yang membuat cerita tersebut lucu.

Untuk melengkapi penjelasan mengenai Jenis Teks Bahasa Inggris (Types of Text), pada kesempatan kali ini penulis hadirkan penjelasan dan contoh Spoof Text lengkap.

A. Pengertian Spoof Text

Selain Narrative Text, Recount Text, dan Anecdote Text, Spoof Text juga termasuk ke dalam golongan Narration (lihat Jenis Teks Bahasa Inggris, Types of Text), yang tentunya menceritakan kejadian di masa lampau dengan akhir yang lucu dan tidak disangka-sangka.

B. Tujuan Komunikatif Spoof Text

Tentunya semua jenis teks yang tergolong Narration memiliki tujuan komunikatif yang sama, begitu juga pada Spoof Text, yaitu untuk menghibur pembaca atau pendengar dari cerita yang dibacakan.

C. Struktur Kebahasaan Spoof Text

Terdapat tiga jenis struktur kebahasaan yang dimiliki oleh Spoof Text, yaitu:

1. Orientation

Seperti halnya jenis teks Narration yang lain, selalu diawali dengan orientation. Orientation adalah bagian di mana penulis memulai memperkenalkan cerita.

2. Events

Sedangkan pada bagian Events yaitu bagian di mana penulis menceritakan kejadian-kejadian dalam cerita tersebut tetapi kejadian yang diceritakan masih kejadian yang wajar.

3. Twist

Dan bagian dari Spoof Text yang terakhir adalah Twist. Twist merupakan bagian teks yang mana menceritakan kebalikan dari kejadian-kejadian wajar di bagian Events. Twist merupakan bagian akhir dari Spoof Text yang menceritakan kejadian akhir lucu dan tidak disangka-sangka sebelumnya.

D. Ciri Kebahasaan Spoof Text

Terdapat beberapa ciri kebahasaan Spoof Text yang bisa membedakan dengan Jenis Teks Bahasa Inggris (Types of Text) yang lainnya, yaitu:

1. Menggunakan Past Tense; was, were, did, etc.

2. Menggunakan kata kerja aksi (action verb); did, went, walked, etc.

3. Menggunakan kata keterangan waktu dan kata keterangan tempat.

4. Diceritakan secara kronologis.

E. Contoh Spoof Text

Penguin in the Park

1. Orientation
Once a man was walking in a park when he come across a penguin.

(Suatu ketika ada seorang pria sedang berjalan di sebuah taman ketika dia melihat seekor pinguin melintas.)

2. Event

He took him to a policeman and said, "I have just found this penguin. What should I do?" The policeman replied, "take him to the zoo".

The next day the policeman saw the same man in the same park and the man still carrying the penguin with him. The policeman was rather supriseed and walked up to the man and asked "why are you still carrying that penguin about? Didn't you take it to the zoo?"

(Dia membawanya ke seorang polisi dan berkata, "saya baru saja menemukan pinguin ini. Apa yang harus saya lakukan?" Polisi tersebut menjawab, "bawa ke kebun binatang".)

(Hari berikutnya polisi tersebut melihat pria yang sama di taman yang sama dan pria tersebut masih membawa pinguin bersamanya. Polisi tersebut terkejut dan menghampirinya serta bertanya "mengapa kamu masih membawa pinguin itu? Bukannya kamu membanya ke kebun binatang?")

3. Twist

"I certainly did" replied the man.

"And it was a great idea because he really enjoyed it, so today I am taking him to the moviest, and the next day I'll take it to the beach. It'll be so much fun" said the man.

0 Anecdote Text

Anecdote Text

Anecdote Text - Pernahkah mengalami kejadian ganjil atau tidak biasa? Dan pernah menceritakan kejadian ganjil atau kejadian tidak biasa tersebut ke orang lain. Kalau anda pernah menceritakan kejadian tersebut, pastinya akan sangat mudah memahami apa itu Anecdote Text. Untuk itu, pada kesempatan kali ini penulis mencoba menghadirkan penjelasan dan contoh Anecdote Text untuk anda.

A. Pengertian Anecdote Text

Anecdote Text merupakan salah satu jenis teks bahasa Inggris dari kalangan Narration (lihat artikel Types of Text) yang mana menceritakan kembali kejadian ganjil atau kejadian yang tidak biasa baik fakta maupun imajinasi.

B. Tujuan Komunikatif Anecdote Text

Sebenarnya dari pengertian Anecdote Text tersebut di atas kita bisa menyimpulkan tujuan komunikatif dari Anecdote Text yaitu menceritakan kembali kejadian ganjil atau kejadian yang tidak biasa yang ditujukan untuk menghibur pembaca.

C. Generic Structure Anecdote Text

Terdapat 4 struktur kebahasaan (Generic Structure) dari Anecdote Text, yaitu:

1. Abstract
Struktur kebahasaan yang pertama dari Anecdote Text yaitu Abstract. Pada bagian Abstract, biasanya penulis mulai mengenalkan kejadian ganjil atau tidak biasa apa yang akan diceritakanya. Terdapat beberapa Abstract dari Anecdote Text diawali dengan penggunaan kalimat tanya, tetapi tidak semua Abstract dari Anecdote Text menggunakan kalimat tanya.

2. Orienation
Struktur kebahasaan yang kedua dari Anecdote Text yaitu Orientation. Seperti halnya di Narrative Text, Orientation di Anecdote Text juga menceritakan siapa, kapan, dan di mana kejadian ganjil atau kejadian tidak biasa tersebut terjadi.

3. Crisis
Struktur kebahasaan yang ketiga dari Anecdote Text yaitu Crisis. Pada bagian ini menceritakan kejadian ganjil atau kejadian tidak biasa tersebut terjadi. Penulis menceritakan kejadian tersebut dengan detail.

4. Reaction/ Incident
Struktur kebahasaan yang terakhir dari Anecdote Text yaitu Coda. Pada bagian Coda, penulis menceritakan bagaimana subjek cerita (pelaku) memecahkan masalahnya dan akhir dari kejadian ganjil atau tidak biasa tersebut.

D. Ciri kebahasaan Anecdote Text

Setiap jenis teks bahasa Inggris memiliki ciri kebahasaan tertentu selain bisa dilihat dari struktur kebahasaanya (Generic Structure). Di bawah ini adalah beberapa ciri kebahasaan yang biasanya ditemukan di setiap Anecdote Text:

1. Menggunakan past tense (Waktu lampau), seperti: I found it last night.
2. Menggunakan rhetoric question (pertanyaan retorika), seperti: Do you know what?
3. Menggunakan conjuction of time (kata sambung waktu), seperti: then, afterward, etc.
4. Menggunakan action verb (kata kerja aksi), seperti: went, writed, etc.
5. Menggunakan imperative sentece (kalimat perintah), seperti: listen to this.
6. Menggunakan exclamation sentence (kalimat seru), seperti: it's awful, it's wonderful, etc.

 E. Contoh Anecdote Text

Snake in the Bath

Abstract
How would you like to find a snake in your bath? A nasty one too!

Orientation
We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty for so long that everything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided we would clean the bath first, so we set to, and turned on the tap.

Crisis
Suddenly to my horror, a snake’s head appeared in the plug-hole. Then out slithered the rest of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the slippery bottom of the bath, spitting and hissing at us.

Reaction/Incident
For an instant I stood there quite paralysed. Then I yelled for my husband, who luckily came running and killed the snake with the handle of a broom. Anna, who was only three at the time, was quite interested in the whole business. Indeed I had to pull her out of the way or she’d probably have leant over the bath to get a better look!

Coda
Ever since then I’ve always put the plug in firmly before running the bath water.

0 Review Text

Review Text

Review Text - Pernahkah kalian mereview benda, film atau sebagainya? kalau belum pernah, pernahkah anda melihat sebuah resensi film atau buku? Anda bisa lihat contoh Review Text pada koran-koran yang menampilkan resensi film atau buku, sebagai gambaran apa sih Review Text itu.

Pengertian Review Text

Mungkin sebagian orang pernah melihatnya bahkan pernah membuatnya. Review Text adalah salah satu dari jenis teks bahasa Inggris (genre) yang ditujukan untuk meninjau suatu karya baik berupa film, buku, benda dan lain sebagainya untuk mengetahui kualitas, kelebihan dan kekurangan yang dimiliki karya tersebut yang ditujukan untuk pembaca atau pendengar khalayak ramai.

Tujuan Komunikatif Review Text

Tujuan komunikatif dari Review Text adalah melakukan kritik terhadap peristiwa atau karya seni untuk pembaca atau pendengar khalayak ramai, misalnya film, pertunjukan, buku, dll.

Generic Structure Review Text

Setiap jenis teks bahasa Inggris (genre) memiliki ciri Generic Structure yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan tujuan komunikatif yang akan disampaikan kepada pembaca. Dan untuk Generic Structure dari Review Text, terdapat 4 struktur kalimat, yaitu:
1. Introduction
Seperti jenis teks bahasa Inggris (genre) yang lainnya, pada paragraph pertama dari sebuah Review Text berisi tentang gambaran umum tentang sebuah karya atau benda yang akan ditinjau. Gambaran umum tentang karya atau benda tersebut bisa berupa nama, kegunaan, dan sebagainya.

2. Evaluation
Pada Generic Structure yang kedua, Evaluation, memberikan gambaran tentang detail suatu karya atau benda yang direview, bisa berupa bagian-bagian dari karya atau benda tersebut, keunikan dan kualitasnya. Tapi jangan terlalu memberikan banyak deskripsi tentang karya atau benda tersebut, karena teks review kita seakan-akan "mengajarkan" calon pembeli dan itu tidak bagus. Evaluasi karya atu benda sejauh yang dibutuhkan oleh pembeli adalah yang paling benar. Istilah yang digunakan dalam sturktur paragraph yang kedua ini tidak jauh dari kata "baik" atau "tidak" karya atau benda tersebut. Pada bagian evaluasi, biasanya terdiri lebih dari satu evaluasi.

3. Interpretation
Pada bagian ketiga ini, penulis memberikan pandangannya sendiri mengenai karaya atau benda yang direviewnya. Tentunya phase ini dilakukan setelah melakukan evaluasi yang cukup terhadap karya atau barang tersebut. Seringkali untuk mendukung dan memperkuat pandangan penulis mengenai karya atau benda yang direviewnya, penulis tersebut membandingkan karya atau benda tersebut dengan karya atau benda yang mirip. Pada phase ini juga penulis menuliskan di bagian apa karya atau benda tersebut bernilai atau di bagian apa karya atu benda tersebut kurang bernilai.

4. Summmary
Pada bagian ini, penulis memberikan kesimpulan kepada pembaca terhadap karya atau benda yang telah direviewnya. Setelah memberikan penjelasan di evaluasi dan pandangan penlis sendiri di interpretation, tibalah penulis memberikan komentar apakah karya atau benda yang direviewnya berharga atau tidak untuk calon pembeli.

Ciri Kebahasaan (Language Features) Review Text

Pada Review Text terdapat beberapa ciri kebahasaan seperti berikut ini:
1. Menggunakan present tense.
2. Banyak menggunakan adjective (kata sipat) seperti, bad, good, valuable, etc.
3. Sering menggunakan long clause (klausa panjang) dan kompleks.

Contoh Review Text

Harry Potter: Order of the Phoenix

Orientation
I absolutely love the Harry Potter series, and all of the books will always hold a special place in my heart.

Evaluasi 1
I have to say that of all of the books, however, this was not my favorite.

Evaluasi 2
When the series began it was as much of a "feel good" experience as a huge mug of hot cocoa. The stories were bright, fast-paced, intriguing, and ultimately satisfying.

Interpretation
Order of the Phoenix is a different kind of book. In some instances this works...you feel a whole new level of intensity and excitement by the time you get to the end. I was truly moved by the last page. Other times the book just has a slightly dreary, depressing feel. The galloping pace of the other books has slowed to a trot here, and parts of it do seem long, as if we're reading all about Harry "just hanging out" instead of having his usual adventures. Reading in detail about Harry cleaning up an old house, for example - housekeeping is still housekeeping, magical or no, and I'm not very interested in doing it or reading about other people doing it.

A few other changes in this book - the "real" world comes much more in to play rather than the fantasy universe of the previous books, and Harry has apparently been taken off his meds. I know that he had a lot to be grumpy in this book, especially with being a teenager and all, but the sudden change in his character seemed too drastic. He goes from being a warm-hearted, considerate person to someone who will bite his best friend's heads off over nothing. It just seemed like it didn't fit with his character, like he turned into a walking cliché of the "angry teen" overnight.

Summary
The "real" story seemed to happen in the last 1/3 of the book, and this part I loved. I actually liked the ending (and yes, I cried!) as sad as it was. It packed a punch and it made me care about the story even more. Still a really good book, with some editing it would have been great.

0 News Item Text

News Item Text 

News Item Text  - Bagi anda yang akrab dengan salah satu media informasi yang bernama koran, pastinya tidak begitu asing dengan salah satu dari jenis teks bahasa Inggris (Types of Text), News Item Text. Walaupun anda tidak tahu tentang istilah News Item Text itu sendiri, tapi penulis yakin anda pasti mengerti tentang apa itu News Item Text karena sebagian besar informasi yang ditulis dalam koran memiliki ciri-ciri yang sama.

Pada kesempatan yang berbahagia ini, penulis akan menghadirkan penjelasan News Item Text secara lengkap dari mulai pengertian, tujuan komunikatif, struktur kebahasaan, ciri kebahasaan dan juga contohnya. Semoga bermanfaat.

A. Pengertian News Item Text

News Items Text adalah salah satu (Types Of Text) yang memberi informasi kepada pembaca mengenai kejadian-kejadian yang terjadi sehari-hari. Kejadian-kejadian tersebut yang disampaikan kepada pembaca adalah kejadian yang dianggap penting, hangat dan patut dijadikan berita.

B. Tujuan Komunikatif News Item Text

Tujuan komunikatif dari News Items Text adalah memberitakan kepada pembaca, pendengar atau penonton tentang peristiwa-peristiwa atau kejadian-kejadian yang dipandang penting atau layak diberitakan.

C. Generic Structure News Item Text

Pada teks bahasa Inggris yang berjenis News Item Text, terdapat tiga bagian dalam setiap struktur kebahasaannya, yaitu:

1. Newsworthy Event
Bagian pertama dari struktur kebahasaan News Item Text yang sering disebut Main Event adalah bagian yang menceritakan atau berisi berita tentang peristiwa atau kejadian inti yang biasanya dalam bentuk ringkasan atau Summary.

2. Backgroud Event
Bagian kedua dari struktur kebahasaan News Item Text atau yang sering disebut juga dengan Elaboration adalah bagian yang menceritakan atau berisi tentang latar belakang peristiwa atau kejadian, siapa yang terlibat dan di mana tempat kejadiannya.

3. Source
Bagian terakhir dari struktur kebahasaan News Item Text adalah bagian yang menceritakan atau berisi tentang komentar, saksi kejadian, pendapat para ahli, dsb. mengenai peristiwa atau kejadian yang diberitakan.

D. Ciri Kebahasaan News Item Text

Di setiap teks bahasa Inggris yang berjenis News Item Text, terdapat ciri-ciri kebahasaan seperti berikut ini:

1. Informasi singkat tertuang dalam headline
2. Memfokuskan pada kejadian
3. Menggunakan action verb
4. Menggunakan material process

E. Contoh News Item Text

Seven Killed in Accident on Jalan Sultan

Newsworthy Event
Seven people were killed in a collision between a bus, a car and a truck at 10:35 p.m. on Jalan Sultan last night.

Backgroud Event
The dead were all passengers in the car. Police believe the car may have been trying to overtake the bus when it was struck by a truck coming from the opposite direction. The driver of the car may not have been using his lights, as the truck driver said he did not see the car approaching.

Sources
The police said the car should not have been trying to pass the bus, since overtaking is not allowed on Jalan Sultan. In addition, the police reported that the car–a small Japanese car–should not have been carrying more than five people. The names of the victims are not yet known.

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Discussion Text

Teks Discussion (Discussion Text) - Discussion adalah sebuah proses mencari titik temu antara dua pemikiran, pandangan atau pendapat yang berbeda. Discussion bisa di definisikan sebagai sebuah teks yang berisi tentang sebuah wacana yang bermasalah. Wacana yang bermasalah ini adalah wacana yang memiliki dua kubu antara Pro dan Contra, antara pendukung issue dan penentang issue.
Masalah yang dihadirkan dalam teks Discussion nantinya akan didiskusikan berdasarkan dua poin of tersebut, Pro dan Contra.

Tujuan Komunikarif Discussion Text

Tujuan komunikatif dari teks Discussion itu sendiri adalah unutk mengetengahkan suatu masalah atau issue yang ditinjau paling tidak dari dua sudut pandang, sebelum sampai pada suatu kesimpulan atau rekomendasi.

Generic Sturcture Discussion Text

Dalam Discussion text, terdapat empat stuktur kalimat pada discussion text sebagai bahan pembentuk teksnya, yaitu:

1. Issue
Issue terletak di paragraph pertama yang berisi penempatan masalah atau issue yang akan didiskusikan.

2. Supporting Points
Dalam bagian ini, penulis menghadirkan pendapat yang mendukung issue. Di setiap paragraph supporting point terdiri dari dua komponen dianataranya adalah main idea dan elaborasi atau uraian dari main idea tersebut.

3. Contrasting Points
Dalam bagian ini, penulis menghadirakan pendapat yang menentang issue. Seperti dalam paragraph supportin point, contrasting points juga menghadirkan dua komponen pembentuk yaitu main idea dan elaborasi atau uraian ari main idea tersebut.

4. Conclunlusion or Recomendation
dalam bagian ini penulis menghadirakan kesimpulan atau juga bisa rekomendari dari issue yang telah didiskusikan.

Language Features Discussion Text

Di dalam membuat teks Discussion, penulis harus memperhatikan penggunaan bahasa yang biasa diterapkan, seperti:

• Menggunakan simpel present tense
• Menggunakan modalites, seperti must, should, would, may, etc.
• Menggunakan additive, contrastive, dan casual connection, seperti similiary, however, furthemore, on the other hand, etc.

Contoh Discussion Text

Untuk menambah dan melengkapi penjelasan di atas tentang Discussion Text, sengaja penulis sertakan contoh discussion text berikut ini.

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

Issue
Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.

Supporting Point
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:

    It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
    It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
    It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
    It produces small amount of waste.
    It is reliable.

Contrasting Point
On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major accident.

Conclusion or Recomendation
People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.